现在分词独立主格结构的理解与用法
一、现在分词独立主格结构的理解
根据英语语法要求，如果一个现在分词用作状语，那么它的逻辑主语应该与句子主语体质一致，但有时句子的语义需要现在分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，此时我们就需要使用现在分词的独立主格结构。
现在分词的独立主格结构由“名词或代词（采用主格形式）+现在分词”构成，其中采用主格形式的“名词或代词”就是其后现在分词的逻辑主语。如：
He being absent, nothing couldn't be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。
Ashton being dead, there was nothing to be done now. 阿希顿已经死了，现在没有什么办法可想了。
Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们将于明天进行比赛。
She sat behind the table, her chin resting in her hands. 她坐在桌子后面，双手托着下巴。
二、现在分词独立主格结构的正误分析
请再看下面的正误句分析：
误：Being ill, we had to send the boy to hospital.
由于being ill前没有自带的逻辑主语，所以从理论上说，它的逻辑主语就应该是句子主语，这样一来此句的意思就是：（我们）生病了，所以我们只好送这男孩去医院。显然这样的句子不合情理。但是，如果改为下面这样的句子就没问题了：
正：Being ill, the boy was sent to hospital. 由于生病了，这男孩被送到了医院。
如果改为现在分词的独立主格结构，则可以这样改写：
正：The boy being ill, we had to send him to hospital. 这男孩病了，所以我们送他去医院。
句中的the boy being ill就是现在分词的独立主格结构，其中的the boy为现在分词being ill的逻辑主语。
三、现在分词独立主格结构的用法
1. 表时间
The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。
2. 表原因
The day being fine, we decided to go swimming. 天气好，我们决定去游泳。
The day being fine, they decided to go swimming. 由于天气很好，我们决定去游泳。
Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. 因为再没有人有话要说，会议就结束了。
3. 表结果
The cart overturned, the horse plunging and rearing in its traces. 马车翻倒，马往前一冲，套着挽绳的上半身直立起来。
All this time, they were fast asleep, all of them knowing nothing about what had happened. 那段时间，他们都很快就入睡了，没有人知道发生了什么事。
The plane crashed, its bombs exploding at it hit the ground 飞机坠毁了，它携带的炸弹在它触地的同时爆炸了。
4. 表条件
Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们将于明天进行比赛。
I’m playing golf this afternoon—weather permitting. 我今天下午打高尔夫球——如果天气允许的话。
Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress not the white one. 其他方面若都相同，我将买那件黑的衣服，不买那件白的。
5. 表伴随
She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind. 她向我跑来，秀发在风中飘扬着。
We drove through red traffic lights, the horn blaring. 我们鸣着喇叭，闯过红灯。
She sat behind the table, her chin resting in her hands. 她坐在桌子后面，双手托着下巴。