什么是悬垂分词
你知道什么叫悬垂分词吗?请看看这道题:
__________ the road,a car knocked him down.
A. Crossing B. Crossed C. When he was crossing D. To cross
此题应选C。其余均可能被误选。分析如下:
选项B不对,因为它是过去分词,其后不应有宾语。
选项A,D不对,因为该非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致——构成悬垂分词。
一般说来,作状语用的非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致,否则便是错句。比较:
为了通过考试,(他)每分钟都用来学习。
误:To pass the exam,every minute was spent in studying.
正:To pass the exam,he spent every minute in studying.
信读了第二次之后,意思就更清楚了。
误:Reading the letter a second time,the meaning became clearer.
正:Being read a second time,the letter became clearer in meaning.
狗叫得厉害,所以我把它放了出去。
误:Barking madly,I led the dog out.
正:Barking madly,the dog was let out.
但是,在有些特殊的结构(只有少数固定结构)中,非谓语动词可以没有逻辑主语:
Judging from [by] what he said,he was a cheat. 从他说的话来看,他就是个骗子。