英语主谓一致的三个原则
1. 形式一致的原则
一般说来,当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时,谓语动词就用单数形式;当作主语的名词或代词是复数时,谓语动词就复数形式:如:
(1) He likes skating in winter. 他喜欢冬天滑冰。
(2) Alice reads much. 艾利斯看了很多书。
(3) They don’t live here. 他们不住这里。
2. 意义一致的原则
英语中,有些名词或代词形式上是单数,而意义上可能是复数,这时,谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词的意义决定。如:
(1) People there were very glad to see our team win the match. 在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。
(2) His family were watching TV when I got to his home. 我到他家时,他家的人在看电视。
(3) Our class are working hard to make ours a good class. 我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。
3. 邻近一致的原则
英语中,有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语,此时,谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。如:
(1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room. 他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。
(2) There are five chairs and a desk in his room. 他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。
(3) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there. 要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。
(4) Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there. 是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去?