集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题

发布时间:2022-05-21T09:59:11 英语语法

集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题

 

1. 通常用作复数的集合名词

police(警察),people(人),cattle(牛,牲口)等集合名词,总是表示复数意义,用作主语时,其谓语要用复数:

The police were after him. 警察正在追捕他。

People are beginning to talk about her. 人们开始议论她。

Cattle feed on grass. 牛吃草。

【注】goods(货物), clothes(衣服)只有复数形式,且只表示复数意义:

Such clothes are very cheap. 那样的衣服很便宜。

All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的货物都给他们送去了。

 

2. 只用作单数的不可数集合名词

clothing(衣服),poetry(诗歌),baggage / luggage(行李), furniture(家具),machinery(机械),scenery(景色),jewellery(珠宝),equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用作不可数名词,表示单数意义,用作主语时,其后谓语动词用单数形式:

Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。

All their baggage was stolen. 他们所有的行李都被偷了。

The furniture is convenient to move. 这家具搬起来很方便。

All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 这个工厂所有的机器都是中国产的。

3. 既可表示单数意义也可表示复数意义的集合名词

family(家庭),team(队,队员),class(班,班上的全体学生),crowd(人群),government(政府),crew(乘务员),committee(委员会),audience(听众),public(公众)等集合名词,当它们表示整体意义时,表单数意义,当它们强调个体意义时,表示复数意义:

Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是一个大家庭。

Her family are all tall. 她的一家人都很高。

The team is the best in the league. 这个队在联赛中打得最好。

The football team are having baths. 足球队队员们在洗澡。

It was late, but the audience was increasing. 时间很迟了,但听众人数却在增加。

The audience were all moved to tears. 听众都感动得流了泪。

【注】有时没有特定的语境,用单复数谓语均可以:

The audience was (were) very excited by the show. 观众对演出甚感激动。

The public has (have) a right to know what’s in the report. 公众有权知道这篇报告的内容。