令人困惑的not…until…

发布时间:2022-04-29T21:44:37 英语语法

令人困惑的not…until…

有网友问:until 一般跟 not 连用,表示“直到……才……”。请问 not 和 until 必须用在一起吗?这个有时很难掌握,怎样理解 until 更好?

until 表示时间,既是介词,又是连词,意思是“到……为止;在……之前”,说明动作持续的时间。有人总是把 not 和 until 放在一起说事,认为它们原本是一个固定的句型,其实并非如此。很多情况下,until 前面是不用 not 的,例如:

They worked until late into the night. 他们一直工作到深夜。

She lived here until 2010. 她住在这儿一直到2010年。

谓语动词具有延续概念时,可以用否定,也可以不用否定,但意思有差别。例如:

We waited for him until ten o’clock last night. 我们昨晚一直等他到10点。

We didn’t wait for him until ten o’clock last night. 我们昨晚没有等到他10点。

只有表示瞬间概念的动词如arrive, leave, finish, stop, get off等表示“动作一旦发生就结束”,跟until连用才加not。请记住:一般情况下,把until当作before来理解就行,也不管动词是延续还是非延续,也不管句中有没有not。例如:

Please stay here until they come back. 在他们回来之前,请你一直呆在这儿。

We waited until the ambulance arrived. 我们一直等到救护车来。

Don't get off the bus until it stops. 在车停下来之前不要下车。(意味着:一直到车停下才可下车。)

It didn’t stop raining until the end of last month. 在上月底之前,雨从未停止。(意味着:直到上月底雨才停下来。)

关于not…until…的倒装句和强调句:

【原句】I did not realize my mistake until they had a heart-to-heart talk with me. 直到他们跟我推心置腹的交谈,我才意识到自己的错误。

【倒装句】Not until they had a heart-to-heart talk with me did I realize my mistake.

【强调句】It wasn’t until they had a heart-to-heart talk with me that I realized my mistake.

注意,until只能用于谈论时间。谈论地点或位置时应用as far as 或 up to:

Then you'll be riding with us as far as the village.(那么你会坐我们的车一直坐到那个村庄。)

We walked up to the red flag on top of the mountain.(我们一直走到山顶上红旗所在的地方)。