请别误用了这些假分词
有这样一道题:
_____ their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Give
此题答案为A,但许多同学不知道这是什么原因。其实,given 在此用作介词,意为“考虑到”。又如:
Given the low price, I decided to buy it. 考虑到价格很低,我决定把它买下。
在英语中,有些词语形式上像是分词(现在分词或过去分词),但其实际上可能已转化成其他词类,所以在做题时要注意根据句意仔细分辨,千万不要被这些假分词给蒙了眼。
一、形式上像分词,实际上是连词
1. 引导条件状语从句,其意相当于“假如”“如果”等,这类用作连词的“假分词”有supposing, assuming, providing, provided等。如:
Supposing she doesn’t come, what shall we do? 假设她不来,我们该怎么办?
Assuming it rains tomorrow, what shall I do? 如果明天下雨的话,我该怎么办?
I will stay here provided [providing] the climate agrees with me. 如果这里的气候合适的话,我就待下来。
2. 引导让步状语从句,其意相当于“即使”,这类用作连词的“假分词”有granted, admitting等。如:
Granted this is true, you are still in the wrong. 这话即使真实,你仍然是错的。
Admitting that he is naturally clever, we do not think he will make much improvement, as he pays no attention to his lessons. 他即使天资聪颖,我们也不认为他会有多大长进,因为他对功课不上心。
3. 引导原因状语从句,其意相当于“因为”“既然”等,这类用作连词的“假分词”有seeing等。如:
Seeing that you are here, you may as well give me a hand. 既然你在这儿,你就帮我个忙吧。(G14)
二、形式上像分词,实际上是介词
这类词主要有according to(根据,按照),concerning(关于),considering(考虑到),excepting(除……外),following(接着),given(如果有,考虑到),including(包括),owing to(由于),regarding(关于)。如:
But things do not go according to plan. 但事情并未按计划进行。
I spoke to him concerning his behavior. 我和他谈了他的行为。
Considering his age, the little boy reads very well. 就他的年龄来说,这小孩读得算挺好的。
There was nothing in the street excepting two dogs. 除了两条狗街上什么都没有。
Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes. 一声吼叫,呼地从丛林中冲出一只老虎。
Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year. 如果身体情况好,我希望在今年完成这项工作。
Owing to the bad weather, the match was cancelled. 由于天气不好,比赛取消了。
Everybody here has the influenza including myself. 包括我在内所有人都患上流感。
I wrote a letter regarding my daughter's school examinations. 我写了一封关于我女儿学校考试的信。