enjoy: 一个词义模糊的动词
在必修三第1单元课文中，有这样一个句子：
China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes.
学生在翻译这个句子的时候，把enjoy mooncakes翻译成各种各样的意思。例如：
1.“喜欢月饼”。
2.“欣赏月饼”。
3.“拥有月饼”。
4.“享受月饼”。
5.“吃月饼”。
究竟哪个翻译最好，哪个最为贴切和符合句意？
enjoy的意思：词典上的解释非常简单，基本意思就是“享受；喜欢”。仔细体味一下，应是体现在“感官”和“心理”两方面，对“占有或使用某事物感到有乐趣和满足，即“以......为乐”，该事物可以作用于“感官的享用”，也可作用于“心理的喜欢”。
对于一个单词而言，常言道：No context, no meaning. 离开了语境，离开了上下文，一个单词的意思往往无法确定。这就是我们要求学生要在句子当中学单词，要在语篇之中记单词的道理。关于enjoy mooncakes的翻译，enjoy应该是“享受”的含义，属于第4种译法，但第5种译法“吃月饼”，更加符合汉语习惯。
基于enjoy的两种基本含义，那么它在句中或上下文会有不同的含义和细微的词义差别，在翻译时要酌情处理。那么，在理解和翻译enjoy时，需要注意以下四点：
第一，表示感官和物质方面的享受，enjoy的宾语属于感官接受的事物时，一般译为“享受”和“享有”。
Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings and breast of chicken cooked with garlic. 雍慧同意留下来，不久他们两人就津津有味地吃起饺子和蒜蓉鸡胸肉。（必修三第2单元）
Wang Peng was enjoying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed.王鹏正在吃第二盘饺子，他叹了一口气。（必修三第2单元）
They enjoyed a superb curry lunch.他们吃了一顿极好的咖喱饭。
For the first time he enjoyed a roast potato.他第一次享受到烤土豆的味道。
We enjoyed a day’s fishing by the river.我们在河边享受了一天垂钓之乐。
He lay on the grass enjoying the sunshine.他躺在草地上享受阳光。
I was sitting in the garden enjoying the sunshine.我坐在庭院里享受明媚的阳光。
He was enjoying his new-found freedom.他享受着刚刚获得的自由。
We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
He was a guy who enjoyed life to the full.他是个尽情享受生活的人。
The average German will enjoy 40 days' paid holiday this year.今年，德国人将平均享受40天的带薪假期。
第二，表示心理和精神方面的欣赏，enjoy的宾语属于心理接受的事物时，一般译为“喜欢”和“欣赏”。如果是进行时态，则翻译为“欣赏”，因为“喜欢”一词一般不用在进行时态中。
We enjoyed a highly amusing film.我们欣赏了一部非常有趣的影片。
Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.既然有空，我可以欣赏一下音乐。
How did you enjoy the concert? 你喜欢那场音乐会吗？
I enjoy reading Mark Twain's autobiography.我喜欢读马克•吐温的自传。
I hope you will all enjoy the exhibition.我希望你们都喜欢这个展览。
I enjoy socializing with the other students.我喜欢和同学来往。
As far as I can tell, she will enjoy the new course. 据我判断，她喜欢这门新课程。
第三，enjoy的宾语是反身代词时，即enjoy oneself，译为“过得快活，玩得快乐”。
Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.假期里大家都过得很愉快。
Not all the students enjoyed themselves at the party.并非所有的学生都在聚会上玩得高兴。
On my last visit to London I enjoyed myself very much.上次去伦敦游览,我玩得很快活。
I have been here for three months and so far I've enjoyed myself.我来这里已经有三个月了,我一直过得很愉快。
The children are enjoying themselves. 孩子们自己玩得很快活。
第四，enjoy的主语一般为“人”，但也可以为“物”。这时，enjoy的意思是“有，拥有，享有”之意。以下例句，enjoy的上述意思不必译出，真是“只可体味，不可言传”。例如：
That book enjoyed large sales.那本书的销量很大。
Speaking of Weifang City, it enjoys a reputation of “World Capital of Kites.” 提起潍坊市，素有世界风筝都之美誉。
Folk music is currently enjoying a renaissance.民间音乐现在又时兴起来了。
The oil market is enjoying a boom.石油市场欣欣向荣。
The auto fair held at Jinbao Weifang enjoyed a boom rarely seen in the last few month.在潍坊金宝举行的这次汽车展销会，出现了几个月来车市难见的火爆态势。
With numerous narrow waterways covering the town, Suzhou enjoys a fame as the “Oriental Venice”.苏州城内因水道遍布，而享有“东方威尼斯”之美誉。
Her music enjoyed a short currency. 她的音乐盛行了很短一阵子。
一般来说，enjoy作为及物动词，后面总是会带一个宾语；可以接名词，代词，反身代词或动名词，可用于被动结构。但不能接不定式或宾语从句。
但是，有时候enjoy的两种基本意思不一定翻译出来。只需要根据句子的意思，灵活处理。例如：
We all enjoyed a turn in the park before dinner.我们晚饭之前在公园兜了一圈，大家都感到很愉快。
I've never enjoyed a dance so much.我从来没有跳舞跳得这么高兴过。
We enjoyed a spotlessly clean record.我们的记录无懈可击。
She enjoyed a glorious 40-year career on the stage.她度过了40年辉煌的舞台生涯。
She sat in the garden enjoying the sunshine.她坐在花园里晒太阳。
You should be out of doors enjoying the fresh air.你应该到室外呼吸一下新鲜空气。
I hope you are enjoying your stay with us.我希望我们相处得很愉快。
Hello. How are you enjoying Beijing?你好。你在北京感觉怎么样?
New injury does not prevent him from enjoying life.新的伤残阻止不了他对人生的乐趣。
Her grandfather was enjoying himself over the fire.她外祖父正在火旁陶然独乐。
His familiarity with the language helped him enjoy his stay.他通晓这种语言，所以逗留期间过得很惬意。
I hope you will enjoy your holiday.祝你假期玩得愉快。