“形容词+to”的常见搭配

发布时间:2022-04-21T11:07:27 英语语法

“形容词+to”的常见搭配  

▲be accustomed to 习惯于

He was accustomed to hard work. 他习惯于干累活。

This is not the kind of treatment I am accustomed to. 这不是我惯常受到的那种待遇。

【注】有时其中的 be 也可换成其他联系动词(如 get, grow, become 等)。如:

I soon got accustomed to his strange ways. 我不久就习惯了他那些奇怪的做法。

其中的to通常被视为介词,后接名词或代词,若接动词,则用动名词。如:

He got accustomed to taking long walks. 他习惯于长途步行。

但有时也可将其中的to视为不定式符号,后接动词原形。如:

When have I ever been accustomed to be treated like this? 我什么时候吃过这一套?

▲be blind to 对……视而不见(一无所知)

He is completely blind to her faults. 他一点儿也觉察不到她的错误。

We must not be blind to the suffering of others. 我们不能对别人的痛苦视而不见。

His passion for her made him blind to everything else. 他强烈地爱着她,对其他一切都已熟视无睹。

▲be close to 与……很接近

You are too close to me. 你太靠近我了。

Our house is close to the bus stop. 我们家紧邻公共汽车站。

▲be contrary to 与……相反;不顾

The result is contrary to expectation. 结果与预料的恰恰相反。

Contrary to all advice, he started to climb the mountain. 他不顾大家的劝告,开始爬那座大山。  

▲be cruel to 对……很残忍;虐待

He was cruel to his parents. 他虐待父母。

I’ve always wondered why they were so cruel to animals. 我一向纳闷他们为什么对动物这残酷。  

▲be deaf to 对……听不进(置之不理)

He was deaf to all advice. 他听不进任何劝告。

He was deaf to all requests for money. 他对要钱的请求一概置之不理。

▲be dear to 对……很亲切,对……很宝贵

He lost everything that was dear to him. 他失去了自己珍爱的一切东西。

Honour is dearer to him than life. 对他来说,荣誉比生命更重要。

▲be devoted to 致力(献身)于;专用于;喜欢(疼爱)

The students are devoted to their studies. 学生们专心于学习。

Her life was devoted to the cause of justice. 她为正义事业而献身。

She is devoted to her children. 她疼爱她的孩子。

【注】其中的 to 是介词,后接动词时要用动名词。如:

This dictionary is devoted to explaining word usage. 这本词典是解释词的用法的。

▲be due to 应给予,应属于,应归于

The credit is due to you. 荣誉应该归于你。

Respect is due to older people. 年长者应受到尊重。

Our grateful thanks are due to you. 我们衷心感谢你。

【注】be due to后若接动词原形,则表示“按计划或预定要做(发生)某事”,此时的to不是介词,而是不定式符号。如:

He is due to leave very soon. 他很快就要离开。

His book is due to be published in October. 他的书计划10月份出版。

▲be equal to 与……一样;等于;能胜任(应付)

Mary is equal to Bill in brains. 玛丽与比尔头脑一样聪明。

I’m not equal to the position. 我不能胜任这项工作。

【注】其中的 to 为介词,所以后接动词时要有动名词。如:

Bill is quite equal to running the office. 比尔完全有能力管理这个办公室。  

▲be essential to 对……是必不可少的

Is money essential to happiness? 金钱对于幸福是必不可少的吗?

Water is essential to the growth of crops. 水对庄稼的生长是必不可少的。

▲be faithful to 对……忠实的(诚实的)

He is faithful to his principles. 他忠实信守他的原则。

She was always faithful to her husband. 她对丈夫一直很忠诚。

▲be familiar to 为……所熟悉

His name is familiar to many people. 他的名字许多人熟悉。

These tales are familiar to Chinese children. 这些故事对中国小孩而言是听惯了的。

【注】比较下面的句子:

We are familiar with the saying. 我们熟悉这条格言。

The saying is familiar to us. 这条格言我们熟悉。  

▲be fatal to 对……是致命的(灾难性的)

It is fatal to his hope. 这会毁了他的希望。

His illness was fatal to our plans. 他生病后我们的计划就落空了。

▲be harmful to 对……有害

Is this harmful to animals? 这对动物有害吗?

Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children. 你吸烟会危害到你小孩的健康。

▲be important to 对……很重要

This project is very important to us. 这项计划对我们非常重要。

It was important to me that you were there. 你当时在场对我很重要。

▲be native to 出生在;原产于;为……所天生

She was native to Shangha. 她原籍上海。

The tiger is native to India. 这种虎原产于印度。

Potato is native to America. 马铃薯是美洲的土产。

The ability to swim is native to fish. 鱼天生会游泳。

▲be necessary to 对……有必要

Sleep is necessary to health. 睡眠对健康是必要的。

Food is necessary to life. 食物对生命是必要的。

【注】其中的介词to有时也可成for。如:

Sleep is necessary for health. 睡眠对健康是必要的。

Food is necessary for life. 食物对生命是必要的。

▲be new to 对……是新的,对……不熟悉

That information is new to me. 那消息我还是初次听到。

I’m new to this town. 我不熟悉这城市。

▲be nice to 对……友好

Try to be nice to your parents. 要设法对父母友好。

The teacher is nice to his students. 这位老师对学生很友好。

【注】其中的介词 to 不能换成 with。

▲be obedient to顺从,遵奉

That boy is obedient to his teacher. 那个男孩很听老师的话。

They are obedient to their parents. 他们很顺从他们的父母。

▲be open to 对……开放;易受……的

This garden is open to the public. 这座花园向公众开放。

They are open to temptation. 他们容易受诱惑。

▲be opposed to 反对,与……相对  

She is strongly opposed to their plan. 她强烈反对他们的计划。

Truth is opposed to falsehood. 真理与谬误相对立。

▲be opposite to 与……相反的;在……的对面

Light is opposite to shadow. 光与暗是相反的。

His house is opposite to mine. 他的房子在我的房子对面。

▲be peculiar to是……独有的

This custom is peculiar to   Scotland  . 这个习俗是苏格兰特有的。

Language is peculiar to mankind. 语言是人类特有的。  

▲be polite to 对……有礼貌的

He has always been pretty polite to people. 他待人一直很有礼貌。

We should be polite to the old. 我们应该对老人有礼貌。

▲be related to 与……有关(相关);与……有亲戚关系

Physics is closely related to maths. 物理与数学有密切联系。

Income tax rates are related to one’s annual income. 所得税税率与个人的年收入的数额相关。

He is related to the prime minister. 他和内阁总理是亲戚。

How are you related to her? 你和他是什么亲戚关系?

▲be respectful to 对……尊敬的(有礼貌的)

Be more respectful to your seniors. 对长辈应更加有礼貌。

The teacher is respectable, so we are all respectful to him. 这位老师值得尊敬,所以我们都很尊敬他。

▲be responsible for 为……负责的

We are responsible for our own actions. 我们应对自己的行为负责。

I am partly responsible for the confusion. 我对此混乱情况负有部分责任。

▲be rude to 对……无礼的(粗鲁的)

Don’t be rude to the taxi driver. 不要对那个出租车司机粗声粗气的。

He is often rude to his mother. 他常常粗鲁对待他妈妈。

▲be similar to 与……相似(类似)

Your views on education are similar to mine. 你的教育观点和我的类似。

Gold is similar in colour to brass. 金和黄铜的颜色相似。

▲be subject to 常遭,受……的控制,易受……的

I used to be subject to very severe colds. 我过去常患重感冒。

The tomato is subject to a number of plant diseases. 蕃茄易受好些植物病害的侵袭。

▲be used to 习惯于

He is used to this kind of job. 他习惯于这种工作。

I’m not used to getting up early. 我不习惯于早起。

【注】注意它与used to(过去常常)意思不同,且用法也不同——be used to后接动词时要用动名词,而 used to 后接动词时要用动词原形。如:

I used to go skiing every winter. 我有一度每到冬季就去滑雪。

I used to share a room with my sister. 我过去和我妹妹合住一间房。

另外,有时be used to是动词use的被动式,其意为“被用于”,此时的to为不定式符号。如:

Scales are used to measure how heavy things are. 秤用来衡量东西有多重。

▲be useful to 对……有用(有益)

This book is useful to young students. 这本书对年轻学生有益。

Don’t throw away these books. They might be useful to you in the future. 别把这些书扔掉,它们也许将来会对你有用。

【注】表示对某人有用,useful 后可用介词 to,也可接 for。如:

The dictionary is useful for [to] beginners. 这本词典对初学者有用。

What he said is useful to [for] us. 他说的话对我们很有用。

若表示对某一目的有用,通常要用介词for。如:

That implement is useful for many purposes in the kitchen. 那种设备在厨房里可用于多种目的。

若后接动名词表示在某一方面有用,其后通常接介词in或for。如:

Computers are useful in compiling statistics. 计算机在统计数据方面很有用。

She was very useful in dealing with foreign visitors. 她很擅长与外宾打交道。

It’s a skill that is useful for doing your job. 那是一种对做好你的工作很有用的技巧。

▲be vital to 对……极其重要

Consideration for other people is vital to all of us. 对我们所有人而言能体谅别人是极其重要的。

Your support is vital to the success of our plan. 你们的支持对我们计划的成功至关重要。