关系代词that与who
1. 关系代词that与who互换的场合
关系代词that与who均可指人,有时可互换。如:
The man that [who] stole your car has been arrested. 偷你汽车的人已经捕获。
用当于all, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody和those后面引导定语从句时,通常用who,其实也可用that。如:
Everyone who [that] knew him liked him. 认得他的人都喜欢他。
Nobody who [that] watched the match will ever forget it. 看了这场比赛的人都不会忘记它。
2. 通常要用 that的场合:
①当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时,通常要用关系代词that。如:
I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad. 我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告。
定语从句that I had seen abroad在句中修饰the men and things,故只能用that来引导;如果用who来引导,显然与被修饰的things不匹配。
②当先行词是who时(为避免重复),通常要用关系代词that。如:
Who is the man (that) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁?
③当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略),通常要用关系代词that。如:
Tom is not the boy (that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。