这两个名词都有“桌子”之意。
desk : （常指带抽屉的）书桌，办公桌，写字台。
- an office/school desk
办公桌／课桌 - She sat at her desk writing letters.
她坐在书桌前写信。 - He had a pile of papers on his desk.
他的办公桌上有一摞文件。 - The report arrived on/landed on/reached my desk (= I received it) this morning.
这份报告是今天早上送到我这里来的。
table : 桌子，台子。指一般没有抽屉，供劳作、游戏或吃饭等用的桌子。
- a kitchen table
厨房用桌 - A table for two, please (= in a restaurant) .
请安排两人一桌的位子。 - I'd like to book a table for tonight (= in a restaurant) .
我想为今天晚上预订一个桌位。 - to set the table (= to put the plates, knives, etc. on it for a meal)
摆餐具 - (BrE also) to lay the table
摆餐具 - to clear the table (= take away the dirty plates, etc. at the end of a meal)
（餐后）清理餐桌 - He questioned her next morning over the breakfast table (= during breakfast).
第二天早上，他一边吃着早餐一边查问她。 - (BrE, formal) Children must learn to behave at table .
小孩必须学会吃饭时的规矩。 - a billiard/snooker/pool table
台球 / 斯诺克 / 普尔球台